MUSC 8 Introduction to World Music

MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS FOR WORLD MUSIC: A GLOBAL JOURNEY Below is a list of "primer" multiple choice questions on which the MUSC 8 Introduction to World Music midterm exam will be based. Choice "A" is the answer for each of these "primer" questions. However, on the MUSC 8 midterm answers will be "shuffled" such that the correct answer may be "A," "B," "C," "D," or "E." Here is a downloadable RTF file of the complete World Music: A Global Journey recordings list. Chapter 1: Fundamentals The Robinson Projection of the world is generally preferred over the Mercator Projection because ______. the equator is placed in the center of the map Europe is placed in the center of the map no land mass is visually divided the country names are more current Greenland is proportionately correct According to ethnomusicologists, why is music considered a universal, but not a universal language? Musical activity is found in every human culture, but the meanings of such activity are interpreted differently from culture to culture, even person to person. Like language, musical activity is a learned process, so a person must participate in that activity from birth to understand it. Not every culture has music, so music cannot be universal. Instruments cannot communicate the same meaning cross-culturally. As singing requires language and there is no "universal" language understood by all peoples, music cannot be a universal language. Folk music can best be defined as music that is ______. learned informally learned formally disseminated through the media simple complex Classical music can best be defined as music that is ______. learned formally learned informally disseminated through the media simple complex Popular music can best be defined as music that is ______. disseminated through the media learned formally learned informally simple complex In the early years of the study of world music, "armchair" scholars did not do their own ______. fieldwork preparation analysis dissemination representation Ethnomusicological research is most strongly influenced by ______ and ______. anthropology, musicology anthropology, linguistics musicology, linguistics musicology, technology anthropology, technology ______ is the assumption that one's own cultural patterns are normative, while those that differ are "exotic," "strange," or "abnormal." Ethnocentrism Bi-musicality Cultural relativism Positivism Comparative ethnology ______ is a research approach in which an ethnomusicologist learns to perform the music they study. Bi-musicality Ethnocentrism Cultural relativism Positivism Comparative ethnology ______ is a research approach embraced by ethnomusicologists that encourages the acceptance of differing cultural perspectives. Cultural relativism Bi-musicality Ethnocentrism Positivism Comparative ethnology Chapter 2: Aural Analysis ______, ______, ______, and ______ are the four properties of sound. Tone, tone quality, volume, duration Pitch, tone quality, timbre, duration Pitch, timbre, rhythm, duration Pitch, tone, tone quality, timbre Tone, tone quality, timbre, duration ______, ______, ______, and ______ are the musical equivalents of the four properties of sound. Pitch, timbre, dynamics, rhythm Tone, pitch, dynamics, rhythm Timbre, dynamics, rhythm, duration Timbre, pitch, tone color, duration Timbre, dynamics, pitch, tone ______, ______, ______, and ______ are the four basic classifications of instruments in the Sachs-Hornbostel system. Aerophone, chordophone, idiophone, membranophone Strings, chordophone, membranophone, woodwinds Brass, woodwinds, strings, percussion Strings, woodwinds, aerophone, idiophone Membranophone, aerophone, chordophone, sousaphone ______, ______, and ______ are three primary sub-categories of aerophones. Flutes, reeds, trumpets Flutes, reeds, recorders Flutes, trumpets, brass Trumpets, reeds, woodwinds Trumpets, woodwinds, recorders A ______ aerophone requires the performer to "buzz" his/her lips to play. trumpet reed flute woodwind recorder A ______ aerophone requires an air column "split on an edge" to produce sound. flute trumpet reed woodwind brass ______ and ______ are two primary sub-categories of chordophones, as well as harps and lyres. Lutes, zithers Lutes, idiophones Dulcimers, zithers Zithers, guitars Guitars, lutes A ______ has "no neck." Most of the instrument is used as a resonating body. zither lute harp lyre chordophone A guitar is an example of a ______. lute zither harp lyre dulcimer A piano is an example of a ______. zither lute harp lyre idiophone A(n) ______ "itself" vibrates to produce a sound. idiophone aerophone chordophone membranophone centrophone A lamellophone is a type of ______. idiophone aerophone chordophone membranophone centrophone A(n) ______ pitch has a dominant frequency that is "singable." definite indefinite determinant tonic centrophonic A(n) ______ pitch has no single dominant frequency, but a "cluster" of frequencies that can be "imitated" rather than "sung." indefinite definite determinant tonic centrophonic ______ refers to the number of pitches per syllable of sung text. Text setting Scale Syllabic Melismatic Semantic ______ singing utilizes "one pitch per syllable" of sung text. Syllabic Scale Text setting Melismatic Semantic ______ singing utilizes "more than one pitch per syllable" of sung text. Melismatic Text setting Scale Syllabic Semantic ______ describes the quantity of pitches sounded within a specific length of time. Rhythmic density Text setting Melisma Syllabic Time-line ______ is defined as "simultaneous variations of a single line of music." Heterophony Homophony Melody Monophony Harmony ______ is defined as "an organized succession of pitches forming a musical idea." Melody Heterophony Homophony Harmony Monophony Chapter 3: Cultural Considerations ______ describes the "insider" perspective to a cultural tradition. Emic Etic Ethnocentric Egocentric Esoteric Determining the ______ of a music requires an interpretation of its purpose and meaning in a given situation. function use performance history relativism ______ scholarship focuses on "verifiable truths" or "facts." Modernist Post-modernist Emic Etic Relativistic ______ scholarship focuses on "relative truths" or "interpretation of text." Post-modernist Modernist Emic Etic Relativistic Musical ______ is the study of musical history through "pictures." iconography sociology reflexology photology pictography Chapter 4: Oceania ______, ______, and ______ are the three sub-regions of the Pacific Islands. Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea Indonesia, Melanesia, Polynesia Macronesia, Micronesia, Polynesia Macronesia, Indonesia, Australia The music of Oceania is primarily _____. vocal instrumental harmonic monophonic idiophonic ______ refers specifically to the Australian aboriginal cosmology. Dreamtime Animism Polytheism Totemism Wondjina The didjeridu is a type of ______ common to Australian aboriginal music. trumpet reed flute idiophone membranophone The sound of the didjeridu is considered a(n) ______. aural manifestation of the creative energy of ancestral spirits non-lexical account of history songs musical representation of the sounds of nature aural manifestation of telepathic energy musical representation of non-lexical spirit languages A corroboree is a(n) ______. nighttime ritual found among Australian aborigines surrogate speech language performed by aborigines of Papua New Guinea history song associated with Wondjina a musical instrument made from a hollowed out tree branch drum used in chant traditions from Hawaii. The ______ is a lamellophone found among aborigines of Papua New Guinea. susap didjeridu corroboree pahu kilu The susap is used to perform a(n) ______. surrogate speech language found among aborigines of Papua New Guinea nighttime ritual found among Australian aborigines history songs associated with Wondjina attract ancestral spirits to corroboree rituals accompaniment to chant traditions from Hawaii The function of susap performance is to ______. attract a woman's affections attract ancestral spirits to corroboree rituals accompany chant traditions from Hawaii summon Wondjina to nighttime rituals taunt rival performers during all-night vocal competitions ______ is a reference to poetry used in Hawaiian musical traditions. Mele Susap Kiribati Pahu Kilu Chapter 5: South Asia In India, cultural traditions are typically regarded as either ______ (Northern) or _______ (Southern). Hindustani, Karnatak Hindustani, Baul Hindu, Hindustani Hindu, Karnatak Baul, Karnatak The term filmi refers to ______. popular music written for Indian films a membrane covering a barrel-shaped drum a dance tradition associated with the Bauls poetry performed by the Bauls a devotional song performed by Hindu lay people The term bhajan refers to ______. a devotional song performed by Hindu lay people popular music written for Indian films a membrane covering a barrel-shaped drum a dance tradition associated with the Bauls poetry performed by the Bauls Raga is typically defined as ______, which can be thought of as a "composition kit" for performance. mode scale intent melisma rasa The three basic elements of instrumental performance in the Hindustani tradition include _____, _____, and ______. melody, rhythm, drone melody, harmony, drone melody, rhythm, harmony melody, ornamentation, rhythm melody, ornamentation, drone The tambura is a fretless plucked lute responsible for maintaining the ______ in Hindustani classical music. drone melody tala rhythm raga The sarod is a fretless plucked lute ______. with three sets of strings: melody, jhala (rhythm), and sympathetic with four strings that maintain the drone that imitates the melodic contour of the voice that is performed by Bauls from Bangladesh that is commonly associated with Ravi Shankar The tabla musician is responsible for ______ in Hindustani classical music. "keeping the tal" playing the melody providing the drone imitating the melodic contour of the voice leading the congregation during a bhajan The tala is best described as a(n) ______. rhythmic cycle pair of hand drums plucked lute melodic composition exploratory introduction The gat is best described as a(n) ______. melodic composition rhythmic cycle pair of hand drums plucked lute exploratory introduction The alap is best described as a(n) ______. exploratory introduction rhythmic cycle pair of hand drums plucked lute melodic composition Chapter 6: Southeast Asia ______ is considered part of "island" Southeast Asia. Indonesia Thailand Cambodia Vietnam Laos The phonic structure of a Vietnamese Tai Tu ensemble is described as ______. heterophony homophony independent polyphony monophony counterpoint The "aural conductor" of the Thai piphat ensemble plays the ______. ching (a pair of small hand cymbals) ranat ek (a xylophone) khaen (free-reed mouth organ) thon-ramana (pair of hand drums) pi (reed aerophone) Lam klawn is a type of vocal repartee accompanied by the ______. khaen (free-reed mouth organ) ching (a pair of small hand cymbals) ranat ek (a xylophone) thon-ramana (pair of hand drums) pi (reed aerophone) ______ is a type of popular music in Thailand. Luk thung Gamelan Piphat Gagaku Maw lam ______ is an ensemble comprised primarily of bronze idiophones from Indonesia. Gamelan Luk thung Piphat Lam sing Maw lam ______, ______, and ______ are the three basic music elements of Javanese gamelan performance. Principal melody, periodic punctuation, melody embellishment Principal melody, polyrhythm, polyphonic stratification Periodic punctuation, polyphonic stratification, heterophony Principal melody, polyrhythm, periodic punctuation Polyrhythm, periodic punctuation, heterophony Balinese gamelan performances are often associated with _______, the predominant religion on the island. Hinduism Islam Christianity Animism Buddhism The kecak is so named for the interlocking "cak" sound the performers make to imitate the sound of ______. monkeys birds frogs demons bears A wai khru is a ritual found in ______ that honors a student's teachers and the ancestral spirits of teachers from the past. Thailand Vietnam Indonesia China Malaysia Chapter 7: East Asia ______, ______, and ______ are the three principal philosophical/religious systems found common to the Chinese population. Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism Taoism, Buddhism, Shintoism Taoism, Animism, Totemism Shintoism, Zen, Buddhism Confucianism, Shintoism, Zen Performance on the gu qin ("ancient zither") is _____. considered a kind of sonic meditation intended to awaken ancestral spirits primarily meant for entertainment most common in social clubs and tea houses designed to honor Confucius and other ancestral spirits "Silk and Bamboo" is a reference to ______. the organological classification of instruments used in the Chinese sizhu ensemble the materials used to make the scenery and figures in Japanese bunraku puppet theatre the Chinese gu qin, which is made of these materials a Japanese membranophone struck with bamboo beaters a Korean narrative theatre, known as p’ansori The erhu is a ______ from China common to the sizhu ensemble. two-stringed fiddle fretless zither hammered zither bamboo flute fretted plucked lute The pipa is a ______ from China common to the sizhu ensemble. pear-shaped plucked lute two-stringed fiddle fretless zither hammered zither bamboo flute The dizi is a ______ from China common to the sizhu ensemble. horizontal bamboo flute two-stringed fiddle fretless zither hammered zither fretted plucked lute The yang qin is a ______ from China common to the sizhu ensemble. hammered zither two-stringed fiddle fretless zither bamboo flute fretted plucked lute The lead melodic instrument of the Beijing Opera is the ______, a two-stringed fiddle made of bamboo. jinghu yue qin erhu chou jingju The comic characters of the Beijing Opera are most easily identified by ______. the circular white “patch” painted on their face their use of stylized speech their inept execution of martial arts forms the deliberate movements they make in conjunction with percussion instruments their realistic makeup and ordinary costumes Revolutionary Beijing Opera is associated with _______. the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) initiated by Mao Zedong the Communist Revolution (1949) lead by Mao Zedong the rise of the Communist party beginning in the 1920s American president Richard Nixon’s visit to China in 1972 the end of civil strife between the Communist and Nationalist political parties (1949) A Mongolian “throat singer” can sing two pitches simultaneously by ______. manipulating overtones produced when sounding a low drone pitch pressing his throat to create a low drone below the main melody pressing his throat to create two air flow channels to his mouth holding his hand in front of his mouth to “deflect” his voice into two tones projecting his voice in a yurt so that two tones are heard ______ is a narrative drama found in South Korea. P’ansori Khoomei Sanjo Gagaku Kim chi ______ is a Confucian ritual music found in Japan. Gagaku P’ansori Khoomei Sanjo Kim chi The chobo (narrator with shamisen accompaniment) is found in the ______. Kabuki theatre from Japan P’ansori drama from Korea Gagaku ensemble from Japan Jingju (Beijing Opera) from China Revolutionary Opera from China Various ______ are the most common melodic instruments heard in Tibetan Buddhist rituals. trumpets flutes lutes zithers xylophones MIDTERM FLASHCARDS